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Nicola Cabibbo (10 April 1935 – 16 August 2010〔 〕) was an , best known for his work on the weak interaction. He was also the president of the Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics from 1983 to 1992, and from 1993 until his death he was the president of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences. He was born in Rome. ==Work== Cabibbo's major work on the weak interaction originated from a need to explain two observed phenomena: *The transitions between up and down quarks, between electrons and electron neutrinos, and between muons and muon neutrinos had similar likelihood of occurring (similar amplitudes); and *The transitions with change in strangeness had amplitudes equal to one fourth of those with no change in strangeness. Cabibbo addressed these issues, following Murray Gell-Mann and Maurice Lévy, by postulating weak universality, which involves a similarity in the weak interaction coupling strength between different generations of particles. He addressed the second issue with a mixing angle ''θ''C (now〔Introduced by Murray Gell-Mann and Maurice Lévy, in and referenced by Cabbibo in his paper〕 called the Cabibbo angle), between the down and strange quarks. Modern measurements show that . Before the discovery of the third generation of quarks, this work was extended by Makoto Kobayashi and Toshihide Maskawa to the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix. In 2008, Kobayashi and Maskawa shared one half of the Nobel Prize in Physics for their work. Some physicists had bitter feelings that the Nobel Prize committee failed to reward Gell-Mann, Levy, and possibly Cabibbo for their part.〔 〕 Asked for a reaction on the prize, Cabibbo preferred to give no comment. According to sources close to him, however, he was embittered.〔 〕 Later, Cabibbo researched applications of supercomputers to address problems in modern physics with the experiments APE 100 and APE 1000. Cabibbo supported attempts to rehabilitate executed Italian philosopher Giordano Bruno, citing the apologies on Galileo Galilei as a possible model to correct the historical wrongs done by the Church.〔 (【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.la-croix.com/afp.static/pages/090527172236.397lc0x6.htm )〕 After his death in 2011, the Franklin Institute awarded him with the Benjamin Franklin Medal in Physics.〔 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nicola Cabibbo」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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